Water resources are the sources of water that are useful or potentially useful. Uses of water include
agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and so forth. 97 % of the water on the earth is salt
water and only three percent is fresh water.
Sources of fresh water:
- Surface Water
- Under river flow
- Ground water
- Frozen water
In context of Nepal
- The hydropower development in Nepal began with the development of 500KW Pharping
power plant in 1911.
- With respect to water resources, Nepal is in Forty One position in the
world.(source:nepallica.com)
- More than 6000 rivers including rivulets and tributaries totaling about 45,000 KM in length
flow in Nepal.
- There are 33 rivers having their drainage areas exceeding 1000 sq km.
- The three major rivers among them are Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali with the reserving
capacity of 48000 cubic meters, which comes to be the 47 percent of the total water reserving storing
capacity of Nepal
- It is estimated that Nepal has a total potential to generate 53,000 MW of hydropower.(source:
study conducted by Institute of Engineering, TU)
- Fresh water withdrawal in domestic , industrial , agricultural is 3%,1%,96% (DPNet Nepal)
- The electricity demand has been increasing by about 7-9% per year and only 40% of
population has access to electricity.
- Total drainage area of all the rivers in Nepal is about 194,471 sq km out which 147,181 sq km
lies in Nepal and rest in China and India
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